(Django CBV) 게시판

Django CBV 프로젝트 2. 세부 코딩

참고 사이트

Model.py

from django.db import models

class Article(models.Model):
    title      = models.CharField('타이틀', max_length=126, null=False)
    content    = models.TextField('내용', null=False)
    author     = models.CharField('작성자', max_length=16, null=False)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField('작성일', auto_now_add=True)
    created_at.editable = True

    def __str__(self):
        return '[{}] {}'.format(self.id, self.title)

Views.py

# bbs/views.py - CBV(Class Based View)

from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.views.generic import TemplateView
from bbs.models import Article

from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from django.contrib import messages


class ArticleListView(TemplateView):
    template_name = 'article_list.html'    # 뷰 전용 템플릿 생성.
    queryset = None

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print(request.GET)
        ctx = {
            'view': self.__class__.__name__, # 클래스의 이름
            'articles': self.get_queryset()
        }
        return self.render_to_response(ctx)

    def get_queryset(self):
        if not self.queryset:
            self.queryset = Article.objects.all()
        return self.queryset


class ArticleDetailView(TemplateView):       # 게시글 상세
    template_name = 'article_detail.html'
    queryset = Article.objects.all()
    pk_url_kwargs = 'article_id'                 # 검색데이터의 primary key를 전달받을 이름

    def get_object(self, queryset=None):
        queryset = queryset or self.queryset     # queryset 파라미터 초기화
        pk = self.kwargs.get(self.pk_url_kwargs) # pk는 모델에서 정의된 pk값, 즉 모델의 id
        return queryset.filter(pk=pk).first()    # pk로 검색된 데이터가 있다면 그 중 첫번째 데이터 없다면 None 반환

        if not article:
            raise Http404('invalid pk')
        return article

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        article = self.get_object()
        
        ctx = {
            'view': self.__class__.__name__, # 클래스의 이름
            'article': article
        }
        return self.render_to_response(ctx)

@method_decorator(csrf_exempt, name='dispatch')   # 모든 핸들러 예외 처리
class ArticleCreateUpdateView(TemplateView):  # 게시글 추가, 수정
    template_name = 'article_update.html'
    queryset = Article.objects.all()
    pk_url_kwargs = 'article_id'

    def get_object(self, queryset=None):
        queryset = queryset or self.queryset
        pk = self.kwargs.get(self.pk_url_kwargs)
        article = queryset.filter(pk=pk).first()

        if pk and not article:                    # 검색결과가 없으면 곧바로 에러 발생
            raise Http404('invalid pk')
        return article

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        article = self.get_object()
        
        ctx = {
            'article': article
        }
        return self.render_to_response(ctx)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        action = request.POST.get('action')           # request.POST 객체에서 데이터 얻기
        post_data = {key: request.POST.get(key) for key in ('title', 'content', 'author')}
        for key in post_data:                         # 세가지 데이터 모두 있어야 통과
            if not post_data[key]:
                messages.error(self.request, '{} 값이 존재하지 않습니다.'.format(key), extra_tags='danger') # error 레벨로 메시지 저장
        
        if len(messages.get_messages(request)) == 0:                  # 메시지가 있다면 아무것도 처리하지 않음
            if action == 'create':  # action이 create일 경우
                article = Article.objects.create(**post_data)
                messages.success(self.request, '게시글이 저장되었습니다.')  # success 레벨로 메시지 저장
            elif action == 'update': # action이 update일 경우
                article = self.get_object()
                for key, value in post_data.items():
                    setattr(article, key, value)
                article.save()
                messages.success(self.request, '게시글이 성공적으로 수정되었습니다.', extra_tags='info')  # info 레벨로 메시지 저장
            else: # action이 없거나 create, update 중 하나가 아닐 경우
                messages.error(self.request, '알 수 없는 요청입니다.', extra_tags='danger')     # error 레벨로 메시지 저장
            
            return HttpResponseRedirect('/article/') # 정상적인 저장이 완료되면 '/articles/'로 이동됨
        
        ctx = {
            'article': self.get_object() if action == 'update' else None
        }
        return self.render_to_response(ctx)
        

minitutorial/urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

from bbs.views import ArticleListView, ArticleDetailView, ArticleCreateUpdateView

urlpatterns = [
    path('article/', ArticleListView.as_view()),
    path('article/create/', ArticleCreateUpdateView.as_view()),
    path('article/<article_id>/', ArticleDetailView.as_view()),
    path('article/<article_id>/update/', ArticleCreateUpdateView.as_view()),
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

프론트 (Templates)

Templates/base.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="ko">
    <head>
        {% block title %}
        <title>bbs - minitutorial</title>
        {% endblock title %}

        {% block meta %}
        {% endblock meta %}

        {% block scripts %}
        {% endblock scripts %}

        {% block css %}
        {% endblock css %}
    </head>
    <body>
    {% block header %}
    <nav class="navbar navbar-default">
        <div class="container-fluid">
            <div class="navbar-header">
                <a class="navbar-brand" href="/article/">게시글 목록</a>
            </div>
        </div>
    </nav>
    {% if messages %}    <!-- 추가된 부분 시작 -->
        {% for message in messages %}
        <div class="alert alert-{{ message.tags }} alert-dismissible" role="alert">
          {{ message }}
        </div>
        {% endfor %}
    {% endif %}          <!-- 추가된 부분 끝 -->
    
    {% endblock header %}
    
    {% block content %}
    {% endblock content %}
    </body>
</html>

Templates/article_list.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% block title %}<title>게시글 목록</title>{% endblock title %}

{% block css %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<style type="text/css">
    tbody > tr {cursor: pointer;}
</style>
{% endblock css %}

{% block content %}
<table class="table table-hover table-responsive">
    <thead>
        <th>번호</th><th>제목</th><th>작성자</th>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        {% for article in articles %}
        <tr onclick="location.href='/article/{{ article.pk }}/'">  <!-- 테이블 행 click 시 url 이동 -->
            <td>{{ article.pk }}</td><td>{{ article.title }}</td><td>{{ article.author }}</td>
        </tr>
        {% endfor %}
    </tbody>
</table>

<!-- 버튼 click 시 url 이동 -->
<a href="/article/create/"><button class="btn btn-primary" type="button">새 게시글 작성</button></a>
{% endblock content %}

Templates/article_detail.html

<!-- bbs/templates/article_detail.html -->


{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% block title %}<title>게시글 상세 - {{ article.pk }}. {{ article.title }}</title>{% endblock title %}

{% block css %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
{% endblock css %}

{% block content %}
<table class="table table-striped table-bordered">
	<tr>
		<th>번호</th>
		<td>{{ article.pk }}</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
		<th>제목</th>
		<td>{{ article.title }}</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
		<th>내용</th>
		<td>{{ article.content | linebreaksbr }}</td>
	</tr>
    <tr>
		<th>작성자</th>
		<td>{{ article.author }}</td>
	</tr>
    <tr>
		<th>작성일</th>
		<td>{{ article.created_at | date:"Y-m-d H:i" }}</td>
	</tr>
</table>

<a href="/article/{{ article.pk }}/update/"><button class="btn btn-primary" type="button">게시글 수정</button></a>
{% endblock content %}

Templates/article_update.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% block title %}<title>게시글 수정 - {{ article.pk }}. {{ article.title }}</title>{% endblock title %}

{% block css %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
{% endblock css %}

{% block content %}

{% if messages %}
{% for message in messages %}
<div class="alert alert-{{ message.tags }} alert-dismissible" role="alert">
  {{ message }}
</div>
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}

<form action="." method="post" class="form-horizontal">
{% csrf_token %}
<input type="hidden" name="action" value="{% if article %}update{% else %}create{% endif %}">
<table class="table table-striped table-bordered">
	<tr>
		<th>번호</th>
		<td>{{ article.pk }}</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
		<th>제목</th>
		<td><input type="text" class="form-control" name="title" value="{{ article.title }}"></td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
		<th>내용</th>
		<td><textarea rows="10" class="form-control" name="content">{{ article.content }}</textarea></td>
	</tr>
    <tr>
		<th>작성자</th>
		<td><input type="text" class="form-control" name="author" value="{{ article.author }}"></td>
	</tr>
    <tr>
		<th>작성일</th>
		<td>{{ article.created_at | date:"Y-m-d H:i" }}</td>
	</tr>
</table>

<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">게시글 저장</button>
</form>
{% endblock content %}

결과