프로젝트 소개

RESTful API를 가지고 3개의 게시판을 만들어보자

  • 글을 쓸 수 있는 Essay
  • 이미지를 올릴 수 있는 Album
  • 파일을 올릴 수 있는 Files

코드

라이브러리

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$ pip install djangorestframework #DRF 
$ pip install Pillow #이미지

settings.py

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INSTALLED_APPS = [
    #rest_framework 등록
    'rest_framework',
    # app 등록
    'mystorage'
]

# 이미지를 등록하기위해 Media 경로지정
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'media')

models.py

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from django.db import models
from django.conf import settings

class Essay(models.Model):
    author = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, default =1, on_delete = models.CASCADE)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    body = models.TextField()

class Album(models.Model):
    author = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, default =1, on_delete = models.CASCADE)
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="images")
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=100)

class Files(models.Model):
    author = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, default =1, on_delete = models.CASCADE)
    myfile = models.FileField(upload_to="files", blank=False, null= False)
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=100)

DB 적용

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python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

serializers.py

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from .models import Essay, Album, Files
from rest_framework import serializers

class EssaySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    # 글쓴이를 자동적으로 등록함
    author_name = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='author.username')

    class Meta:
        model = Essay
        # fields = '__all__'
        fields = ('pk', 'title' , 'body', 'author_name')

        # def perform_create(self, serializer):
        #     serializer.save(author = self.request.user)

class AlbumSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    # 글쓴이를 자동적으로 등록함
    author_name = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='author.username')
    # 이미지를 업로드하고 결과값을 url로 하겠다
    image = serializers.ImageField(use_url=True)
    class Meta:
        model = Album
        fields = ('pk', 'author_name' , 'image', 'desc')


class FilesSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    # 글쓴이를 자동적으로 등록함
    author_name = serializers.ReadOnlyField(source='author.username')
    myfile = serializers.FileField(use_url= True)

    class Meta:
        model = Files
        fields = ('pk', 'author_name' , 'myfile', 'desc')

urls.py (PROJECT)

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from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
from mystorage import urls
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # url 연결
    path('', include('mystorage.urls')),
]
urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

urls.py (APP)

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from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
from mystorage import views
from django.urls import path, include
from rest_framework import urls

# DefaultRouter기반의 라우터 등록 
router = DefaultRouter()

router.register('essay', views.PostViewSet)
router.register('album', views.ImgViewSet)
router.register('files', views.FileViewSet)

urlpatterns = [
    path('', include(router.urls)),
    path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls')),
]

views.py

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from rest_framework import viewsets
from .models import Essay , Album, Files
from .serializers import EssaySerializer, AlbumSerializer, FilesSerializer
from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter
from rest_framework.parsers import MultiPartParser, FormParser
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status

# ModelViewSet 두가지 객체 - queryset / serializer_class
class PostViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Essay.objects.all()
    serializer_class = EssaySerializer

    # 검색 기능
    filter_backends = [SearchFilter]
    search_fields = ('title', 'body')

    # 현재 request를 보낸 유저
    # == self.request.user
    def get_queryset(self):
        qs = super().get_queryset()
        if self.request.user.is_authenticated:
            qs = qs.filter(author= self.request.user)
        else:
            qs = qs.none()
        return qs

class ImgViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    
    queryset = Album.objects.all()
    serializer_class = AlbumSerializer

# 다양한 미디어 파일을 받아야하기 때문에 지정해줘야함

class FileViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Files.objects.all()
    serializer_class = FilesSerializer
    
    # parser_class 지정
    parser_classes = (MultiPartParser, FormParser)

    # create() 오버라이딩 / API HTTP -> get() post() 오버라이딩
    def post(self, request, *arg, **kwargs):
        serializer = FilesSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status= HTTP_201_CREATED)
        
        else:
            return Response(serializer.error, status = HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

실행화면

Main
Result

하루를 기록하다